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Ibn Warraq is the pen name of an author critical of Islam. He is the founder of the Institute for the Secularisation of Islamic Society (ISIS) and is formerly a senior research fellow at the Center for Inquiry,〔Stephen Crittenden L The Religion Report Ibn Warraq: Why I am not a Muslim 10 October 2001 "Secularist Muslim intellectual Ibn Warraq – not his real name – was born on the Indian subcontinent and educated in the West. He believes that the great Islamic civilisations of the past were established in spite of the Koran, not because of it, and that only a secularised Islam can deliver Muslim states from fundamentalist madness."〕 focusing on Quranic criticism.〔The spectator October 2007 (IQ2 debates on the topic "We should not be reluctant to assert the superiority of Western values" ) Ibn Warraq An independent researcher at the humanist Centre for Enquiry in the USA. Author of ‘Why I am Not a Muslim’ (1995) and editor of anthologies of Koranic criticism and an anthology of testimonies of ex-Muslims ‘Leaving Islam’ (2003). A contributor to the Wall Street Journal and The Guardian, and has addressed distinguished governing bodies all over the world, including the United Nations in Geneva on the subject of apostasy. Current projects include a critical study, entitled ‘Defending the West: A Critique of Edward Said’s “Orientalism” ’ to be released 2007.〕〔http://Center for Enquiry ()Religion, Ethics, and Society – Experts and Scholars"Ibn Warraq, Islamic scholar and a leading figure in Koranic criticism, is a senior research fellow at the Center for Inquiry"〕 Warraq is currently the Vice-President of the World Encounter Institute.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=World Encounter Institute Mission Statement )〕 Warraq's commentary on Islam is considered by some to be overly polemical and revisionist,〔Dutton, Y. (2000) (Review: The Origins of the Koran: Classic Essays on Islam’s Holy Book ). Journal of Islamic Studies.〕 while others praise it as well-researched.〔Daniel Pipes, ("Why I Am Not a Muslim," ) ''Weekly Standard'', January 22, 1996 pg1 "''Ibn Warraq brings a scholarly sledge-hammer to the task of demolishing Islam. Writing a polemic against Islam, especially for an author of Muslim birth, is an act so incendiary that the author must write under a pseudonym; not to do so would be an act of suicide. And what does Ibn Warraq have to show for this act of unheard-of defiance? A well-researched and quite brilliant, if somewhat disorganized, indictment of one of the world's great religions. While the author disclaims any pretence to originality, he has read widely enough to write an essay that offers a startlingly novel rendering of the faith he left.''"〕〔(Why Are Western Intellectuals so fearful of critisizing Islam? National Review Book Services (NRBS) )〕 Warraq has written historiographies of the early centuries of the Islamic timeline and has published works which question mainstream conceptions of the period. The pen name Ibn Warraq ((アラビア語:ابن وراق), most literally "son of a papermaker") is used due to his concerns for his personal safety; Warraq stated, "I had fear to become the second Salman Rushdie."〔Der Spiegel August 2007 Interview with Ibn Warraq.〕 It is a name that has been adopted by dissident authors throughout the history of Islam.〔Facts cited from introduction to interview with Warraq. 〕 The name refers to 9th century skeptical scholar Abu Isa al-Warraq. Warraq adopted the pseudonym in 1995 when he completed his first book, entitled ''Why I Am Not a Muslim''.〔Der Spiegel August 2007 Interview with Ibn Warraq ''There were several reasons, which are still valid. I had begun 1993 to write my book “why I am not Muslim ” when it appeared 1995, was I professor for British and American culture at the University of Toulouse. I had fear to become the second Salman Rushdie I did not want not to die and I had my family to protect. My brother and its family do not know until today that I wrote the book. I do not want that they must suffer on my account.''〕 He is the author of nine books, including ''The Origins of the Koran'' (1998), ''The Quest for the Historical Muhammad'' (2000), ''What the Koran Really Says: Language, Text and Commentary'' (2002), ''Defending the West: A Critique of Edward Said's Orientalism'' (2007), ''Which Koran?: Variants, Manuscripts, and the Influence of Pre-Islamic Poetry '' (2008), ''Why the West Is Best: A Muslim Apostate's Defense of Liberal Democracy'' (2011) and ''Sir Walter Scott's Crusades & Other Fantasies'' (2013). ==Early life and education== Warraq was born in India and his family migrated to the newly independent Pakistan in 1947.〔Stephen Crittenden L The Religion Report Ibn Warraq: Why I am not a Muslim 10 October 2001 "Secularist Muslim intellectual Ibn Warraq – not his real name – was born on the Indian subcontinent and educated in the West. He believes that the great Islamic civilisations of the past were established in spite of the Koran, not because of it, and that only a secularised Islam can deliver Muslim states from fundamentalist madness.''〕 His mother died when he was an infant. He stated in an interview that he "studied Arabic and read the Qur'an as a young man in hope of becoming a follower of the Islamic faith."〔Der Spiegel:(Islamkirtiker Ibn Warraq "Dieser Kalte Krieg kann 100 Jahre dauern" ), accessed on 6 June 2009. The quote in German as printed in Der Spiegel is:"Ich bin nicht mit Religion indoktriniert worden"〕 His father decided to send him to a boarding school in England partly to circumvent a grandmother's effort to push an exclusively religious education on his son at the local Madrasah. After his arrival in Britain, he only saw his father once more, when he was 14. His father died two years later. Warraq claims to have been "shy" for most of his youth.〔 By 19 he had moved to Scotland to pursue his education at the University of Edinburgh, where he studied philosophy and Arabic with Islamic studies scholar W. Montgomery Watt.〔Priya Abraham, ("Dissident voices," ) ''World Magazine'', Vol. 22, No. 22, June 16, 2007 (accessed January 1, 2014; archive available at )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ibn Warraq」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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